Executive function: theoretical approaches and measures

Abstract

The paper reviews current theories and the most important assessment methods of the executive function (EF). EF is a multidimensional construct that includes cognitive processes like inhibition, working memory and cognitive flexibility. The joint operation of these enables conscious and goal-oriented behavior. Recently, the literature distinguishes between the "cool" and the "hot" aspect of EF. It plays a prominent role from early childhood till later ages. Executive functions have an effect on school and work outcomes, mental health, and, consequently, on life management and quality of life. EF has a strong predictive value on school readiness and later school achievement. That is why it has relevance both in educational research and practice. There are different types of measures for assessing EF or one of its dimensions such as face-to-face, computer-based and questionnaire techniques. Some of the measures have Hungarian versions. In the international literature, there is an intensive discussion on EF,however, it has just started in Hungary.